What agreement between the United States and Japan limited Japanese emigration to the United States in 1907–1908?

• A. Interstate Commerce Act
• B. Gentleman's Agreement (1907-1908)
• C. Dawes Act of 1887
• D. Securities and Exchange Commission

Answer: (B)

In this period, tensions over immigration and race shaped how nations dealt with each other. The agreement between the United States and Japan in 1907–1908 was an informal understanding known as the Gentlemen's Agreement. Japan agreed to limit the emigration of Japanese workers to the United States, reducing the flow of laborers and the associated backlash in American society. In return, the United States pledged not to impose further formal restrictions on Japanese immigration and to help resolve the San Francisco school segregation issue by desegregating its public schools. This pact showed how foreign policy could address domestic concerns without a formal treaty, and it was later superseded by broader immigration laws in the following decades.