Which policy sought to preserve natural resources by creating National Monuments and Parks, led by Theodore Roosevelt and John Muir?

• A. Conservation Movement
• B. Progressive Era Conservation
• C. National Park Service Act
• D. Environmental Protection Act

Answer: (B)

The main idea tested is the early 20th-century push to protect natural resources through federal action, focusing on the leadership of Theodore Roosevelt and John Muir. Roosevelt used federal authority to set aside vast lands as national monuments and parks, shaping a system of protected areas, while Muir championed the wilderness and argued for preserving natural spaces from exploitation. This combination of reform spirit and concrete steps during that era is best described as Progressive Era Conservation. It connects the period's ideals with specific actions—designating monuments and expanding parks—under leaders who emphasized responsible stewardship of the nation’s natural resources.

The other labels miss that precise historical focus. A broad Conservation Movement covers the idea in general but not the specific Progressive Era moment and the Roosevelt–Muir collaboration that produced those monuments and parks. The National Park Service Act and Environmental Protection Act refer to later statutes or different frameworks, not the Roosevelt–Muir-era policy described here.